In some states it is illegal to breed and sell cats or dogs unless you are a registered breeder, and in others it is highly encouraged to be a registered breeder.

It all starts with a suitable breeding female and ideally she should be in light to moderate body condition, have had at least one heat and be between one and three years old, depending on the size and breed.

Regardless of whether the female mated is being mated naturally or via artificial insemination, a blood progesterone test is often indicated to help select the ideal time for mating or insemination and determine the puppies' birth date.

When the female dog starts to cycle, they will usually bleed for nine to 11 days.

At the end of this stage they become fertile and will be receptive to a dog.

Simple blood testing at the vet clinic can determine within hours, the ideal time for fertilisation.

Blood tests are especially important if breeding via artificial insemination.

It is important to try and mark the ideal days for fertilisation, not only for increasing the chance of a successful conception but for calculating the puppies' due date and creating a care plan.

In the weeks following joining the female, detailed ultrasound examinations to detect puppies are also recommended and puppies can be detected as early as three weeks post-conception.

If you are considering breeding or becoming a registered breeder, talk to your local veterinarian for valuable advice on fertility and pre- and post-natal care.