An unfortunate aspect of this interaction or contact is the risk of zoonotic diseases, diseases which can be passed from animals to humans. 

One example which is particularly relevant to the human/bird relationship is psittacosis, a disease that our feathered friends, especially parrots, can pass to humans.

Psittacosis is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia psittaci, and for this reason, sometimes the disease is also called chlamydiosis.

For us, psittacosis causes a flu-like illness.

Breathing in bacteria from an infected bird’s droppings, or nose or eye secretions may lead to psittacosis.

Birds commonly become infected through contact with wild birds or through the introduction of an infected bird into their enclosure.

An infected bird does not have to be sick to excrete the bacteria, and can remain a carrier of the bacteria for a considerable time.

There is an increased risk of psittacosis in birds and excretion of bacteria when birds are stressed, for example through overcrowding or rehousing, situations which can negatively impact on their immunity.

A bird with psittacosis will appear sleepy, off its food, have ruffled feathers and a nasal discharge.

Sick birds can be readily treated with antibiotics, which can be acquired through your veterinary practitioner.

Be aware that the bacteria are also able to remain in the environment for some time.

As part of the treatment, the cage should be thoroughly wetted down with a disinfectant before being cleaned.

During cage cleaning it is important to observe appropriate protective measures so wear gloves, a dust mask and overalls to avoid contracting the disease. 

It is also important to not allow birds to come close to your face, to always wash your hands after handling birds, and to limit your exposure to wild birds.

If you think you may be infected with psittacosis it is important to inform your doctor of your contact with birds.

This is so your doctor will know to run the appropriate tests and prescribe the appropriate antibiotic.

For further advice, contact your local veterinarian or Agriculture Victoria veterinary or animal health officer, or in NSW your Local Land Services.